Antimatter waste, also known as contaminated antimatter or antimatter residue, was a byproduct of inefficient or primitive antimatter reaction techniques. As such, antimatter waste is nonreactive with normal matter and emits highly hazardous theta radiation, necessitating disposal as a toxic waste.
In 2153, the Arctic Archaeology Team scientist Rooney thought the damaged alloy she found in the debris field in the Arctic Circle was due to thermal damage until she found signs of antimatter residue. Then she supposed a warp drive overload. (ENT: "Regeneration")
Dejaren, a Serosian HD25 Isomorphic Projection, was assigned to cleaning the reactor core and ejecting the antimatter waste from his ship. (VOY: "Revulsion")
By the 24th century, Federation science had developed radiometric converter technology which can recycle antimatter waste, absorbing the theta radiation and converting it into energy and purifying the antimatter back into a usable reactant. (VOY: "Night")
The Malon under the strong influence of the waste export industry still produce large quantities of antimatter waste, which is then transported – along with other industrial byproducts – out of their territory by Malon export vessels, to be dumped elsewhere. (VOY: "Night", "Juggernaut")
In reality, there is no such thing as antimatter waste. Upon annihilation, all rest mass is converted into energy.