Multiple realities
(covers information from several alternate timelines)
Arabs were a Human people that lived on Earth in the Middle East and north of Africa, and particularly in Arabia.
Their primary language was Arabic, and they were known for breeding Arabian horses. According to Jean-Luc Picard, "ancient Arabs believed that Allah gathered the south wind and made the horse." (TNG: "Pen Pals")
Spock stated that the saying "The enemy of my enemy is my friend" was an Arab proverb coined by a prince who was later decapitated by a "friend". (Star Trek Into Darkness)
In reality, the origins of the saying are disputed. [1]
The USS Ibn Majid was named for Arab explorer Ahmad ibn Mājid.
The USS Ibn al-Haytham was named for Arab astronomer, mathematician and scientist Ibn al-Haytham.