Climate was a term for the meteorological activity a specific region received.
The three continents on the southern hemisphere on Terra Nova had the same climate as the northern hemisphere. (ENT: "Terra Nova")
Climate could be controlled by computers, such as Vaal on Gamma Trianguli VI. (TOS: "The Apple")
The fungus amanita muscaria was known to be native to the sub-arctic climate of Earth. (VOY: "Heroes and Demons")