A column was an organizational unit used in record-keeping found in a tabulation.
In 2266, Spock noted to Nyota Uhura that her last subspace log had an error in the frequencies column. (TOS: "The Man Trap")
While reviewing D'Ghor's financial transactions with Gowron and the Klingon High Council in 2371, Quark explained in one instance, D'Ghor had given the net value of the land acquisition, as noted in the gross adjusted assets tabulation in column "J", as zero. (DS9: "The House of Quark")