The Standards Measurement Bureau was the agency responsible for standardizing units of measure, for example light years, used by the United Federation of Planets. In negotiating treaties with the Federation, a negotiating member may elect to use Federation units instead of their own, as occurred in the Treaty of Armens (2255) with the Sheliak Corporate. (TNG: "The Ensigns of Command")
The office was more exactly referred to as the "UFP Standards Measurement Bureau".