Insanity, craziness, or madness were terms used to refer to certain behaviors considered to be abnormal and against societal norms. The terms were also used to refer to a person exhibiting mental instability. Someone believed to exhibit such behavior was referred to as being insane, crazy, or a madman. Similarly, a lunatic, or someone who was loony, was a person seen as mentally ill, dangerous, foolish, or crazy.
In 2152, Trip Tucker caught members of the Takret species having a barbecue next to a plasma manifold aboard the Enterprise NX-01. While Tucker understood the crew were explorers who were supposed to keep an open mind about different cultures, this alongside the Takret only needing to sleep once a week and keeping up the crew with strange rituals, chanting, walking in circles, and practically taking over the compartment were several reasons Tucker cited for driving him crazy. (ENT: "The Catwalk")
In 2369, Amanda Rogers recalled that about six months before boarding the USS Enterprise-D, she thought she was going crazy because things she would wish for would suddenly appear. (TNG: "True Q")
That same year, William T. Riker performed the role of the lead character in Beverly Crusher's play Frame of Mind, an individual in an abusive mental hospital who had been accused, possibly falsely, of murder. When a psychologist, played by Data, told him that he was becoming agitated, he replied, "You bet I'm agitated. I may be surrounded by insanity, but I am not insane." (TNG: "Frame of Mind")
In 2370, Worf proclaimed his belief that Iyaaran Ambassador Byleth was insane after serving as his guide during a visit to the Enterprise-D. Worf believed this after Byleth did nothing but exhibit antagonism towards him, which he did not know was actually a deliberate act designed to learn about such behavior. (TNG: "Liaisons")
The following year, Rom speculated that Grand Nagus Zek was insane after he wrote a revised version of the Rules of Acquisition. This version was based on less selfish and greedy principles than those that normal Ferengi society held. Quark dismissed Rom's speculation by stating that Zek was too brilliant to go insane. (DS9: "Prophet Motive")
In 2373, Gul Dukat asked Weyoun 5 if he was insane after he drank a bottle of Kanar laced with Voraxna poison which had been intended to assassinate Tekeny Ghemor. Weyoun pointed out, however, that Vorta are immune to most poisons. (DS9: "Ties of Blood and Water")
In an alternate 2374, Tom Paris characterized Annorax as insane after he erased the Ram Izad from history and claimed that time itself was against him. (VOY: "Year of Hell, Part II")
By 2401, the Borg Queen had gone insane from the decimation of the Borg Collective. (PIC: "The Last Generation")