An insurrection or insurgency was an armed uprising against an established civil or political authority.
In an alternate 1944 encountered by Enterprise NX-01, a group of insurgents fought Nazis in New York City. (ENT: "Storm Front", "Storm Front, Part II")
V'Las described Syrrannites as radical insurgents, and believed they should be eliminated. (ENT: "Awakening", "Kir'Shara")
Trelane charged James T. Kirk with attempting to foment an insurrection, among others, after destroying Trelane's mirror. (TOS: "The Squire of Gothos")
The counter-insurgency program was adopted on Terok Nor in the event that the Bajoran laborers began an insurrection and gained control over the station. (DS9: "Civil Defense")
The Kriosians formed an insurrection to fight for their independence from the Klingon Empire. They were secretly assisted by the Romulan Star Empire. (TNG: "The Mind's Eye")
After the Maquis Val Jean crew was fully merged into the Starfleet USS Voyager crew, security chief Tuvok determined that an insurrection was unlikely to occur. (VOY: "Worst Case Scenario")
Top Dominion experts predicted that an insurrection of Jem'Hadar rebels, promoted through the use of an Iconian gateway, would be able to take over the Dominion in less than a year. (DS9: "To the Death")
Photonic insurgents were the enemies of the Lokirrim. They were originally holographic workers for the Lokirrim. (VOY: "Body and Soul")