Jurisprudence was the philosophy or study of law.
The Federation's system of jurisprudence believed that "a man is innocent until proved guilty." The Tanugan's system of jurisprudence believed the opposite, that "[a man] is guilty until he is proved innocent." This was the case in 2366, when Commander William T. Riker was accused of the murder of Tanugan Doctor Apgar, due to the fact that Riker was under Tanugan jurisdiction when the crime was committed. (TNG: "A Matter of Perspective")