The Black Knight carrying a lance on horseback
The term lance was a catchall for a variety of different pole weapons based on the spear. In the strictest sense, the lance is a heavy, long thrusting spear used on horseback and couched under the arm.
The Black Knight constructed by the Shore Leave Planet carried a lance which was used to seemingly kill Doctor McCoy. (TOS: "Shore Leave")
The Yangs also used lances. (TOS: "The Omega Glory")
On the Shore Leave Planet, Dr. McCoy was confronted by the Queen of Hearts and her army of lance-throwing playing card knights. (TAS: "Once Upon a Planet")
In reality, the Romulan rank of uhlan, established in TNG: "Unification II", comes from a word describing a Human skirmish fighter armed with a lance, and later, pistols.