Neo-Trotskyism was a political faction active in early 21st century France.
In the early 2020s, the Neo-Trotskyists came to power in France, supplanting the Gaullists.
Christopher Brynner, a wealthy citizen of the United States of America, expected that the Neo-Trotskyists would put an end to the sustained student protests in the country, but they had no more success than the Gaullists, leading one of his acquaintances to cancel a trip to the Alps because of the protests. (DS9: "Past Tense, Part I", "Past Tense, Part II")
Apparently named after the Russian Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky, the faction's name seems to suggest a connection to Trotskyism or real-world ideas that comprised it: Neo-Trotskyism. The Star Trek Encyclopedia (4th ed., vol. 1, p. 300) mentions that the Neo-Trotskyists were the dominant party of the French National Assembly.