Phase weapons, or phase-modulated energy weapons, were a type of directed energy particle weapon that utilized a phase modulator to control the blast yield. Phase weapons were used by Starfleet and the MACOs in the 2150s and early-2160s. The hand-held weapons had both non-lethal stun and kill settings. (ENT: "Broken Bow", "Silent Enemy", "Judgment", "These Are the Voyages...")
Malcolm Reed showed Jonathan Archer a phase-pistol for the first time in 2151 shortly before the first time Archer faced down Silik, recovering the Klingon courier Klaang from a Suliban helix. (ENT: "Broken Bow") Later on, Enterprise NX-01 was fitted with internally-mounted retractable phase cannons during the first year of its interstellar exploration mission. (ENT: "Silent Enemy")
The phase-pistols used by the MACO fired phase pulses. Andorians were known to be susceptible to phase-pulse infections. (ENT: "Babel One") An improved version of the phase cannon was developed by Starfleet by the year 2154. The Columbia NX-02 became the first ship equipped with these weapons. (ENT: "Home")
Phase-pistols had the power of their particle yield generally kept under five megajoules, but with modification it could be set to ten megajoules. (ENT: "Regeneration") Where as the phase cannons used on the Enterprise could produce a maximum yield of 80 gigajoules, (ENT: "Cogenitor") thought the cannons themselves were rated for a maximum power output of 500 gigajoules. (ENT: "Silent Enemy")
The Vulcan rifle props used from ENT: "Shadows of P'Jem" onward were called "phase-rifles" in the episode's final draft script of that episode. The It's A Wrap! sale and auction essentially concurs with this, merely omitting the hyphen. [1](X)