A descendant or progeny was any family's future generations of offspring that usually were beyond, but also included, the products of an ancestor's children or grandchildren.
On the planet Arret, where time flowed in reverse, it was determined by Spock that Karla Five's descendants were born before her, and her ancestors were born after her. (TAS: "The Counter-Clock Incident")
Familial descent[]
A computer readout of ten generations of progeny from the Raymond family
A landing party from Enterprise NX-01 solved the mystery about the abandoned colony on Terra Nova in 2151 – the Novans were the descendants of the original colonists from the SS Conestoga. (ENT: "Terra Nova")
After being revived from over 300 years in cryostasis, Deanna Troi discovered what had happened to Clare Raymond's family after she had died, and even discovered a family tree depicting ten generations of her progeny. (TNG: "The Neutral Zone")
Miles O'Brien claimed that he was a direct descendant of King Brian Boru. (DS9: "Bar Association") Similarly, Kevin Riley fancied himself as a descendant of Irish kings. (TOS: "The Naked Time")
In 2371, the crew of the USS Defiant made first contact with the inhabitants of the planet Meridian which were the descendants of an expedition which stranded on the planet millennia ago. (DS9: "Meridian")
According to Klingon General Martok, "Kor's family descends from the Imperial Court itself. Kor is of the blood, born to rule by the divine will of Kahless!" (DS9: "Once More Unto the Breach")
Evolutionary descent[]
In terms of evolution, after the Cheron native Bele had learned of the Human species, he noted how he had "once heard that on some of your planet's people believe they are descended from apes." Spock agreed, revealing that "The actual theory is that all lifeforms evolved from the lower levels to the more advanced stages" (TOS: "Let That Be Your Last Battlefield")