A quarantine pod was a type of sealed capsule used for the isolation of medical or scientific subjects.
In late-2370, Starfleet put together a Yridian convoy as a lure for a Maquis attack. The convoy of six ships left Deep Space 9 for the Demilitarized Zone, destined for Cardassian space, carrying supplies of isomiotic hyposprays, plasma flares and quarantine pods. (TNG: "Preemptive Strike")