A rhinoceros roaming the plains of Africa
The taxidermied mount of a rhino
A rhinoceros or rhino was a type of animal present on the continent of Africa on Earth. Species included the White rhinoceros, which went extinct during the mid-22nd century. (TNG: "New Ground")
Listening to her father, Mike Burnham, tell the story of the girl who made the stars, Michael Burnham imagined rhinoceroses along with zebras and lions living "a thousand centuries ago." (ST: "The Girl Who Made the Stars")
Humans used to grind down rhino horns as aphrodisiacs, but had stopped this practice sometime before 2151. (ENT: "Fight or Flight")
Prior to his death in 2381, Kerner Hauze owned a stuffed rhinoceros, as well as a shark and a unicorn. (LD: "Kayshon, His Eyes Open")
According to the script for DS9: "Return to Grace", the Cardassian military freighter Groumall's firepower was described as "a pathetic little hit and it has about as much effect as scratching the tail of a rhinoceros with a blade of grass."
In deleted scenes from Star Trek, the Klingons captured the Narada after the USS Kelvin crashed into it, and imprisoned Nero for the next twenty-five years. These Klingon guards wore helmets and thick coats, which costume designer Michael Kaplan respectively modeled on a horseshoe crab and elephant and rhino skin. (Star Trek - The Art of the Film, p. 42)