Memory Alpha
Memory Alpha

The Species 10-C homeworld was a planet about thirty light years outside the galactic barrier of the Milky Way Galaxy, orbiting a single star. Formerly a gas giant and homeworld of Species 10-C, it was evacuated around the late 22nd century. (DIS: "The Galactic Barrier", "Rosetta")

Species 10-C evolved to move and communicate in the gas layers of this planet, using reinforced structures on the surface as a nursery. Around the late 22nd century, a barrage of massive asteroids burned the gas layers away, forcing Species 10-C to evacuate as many as they could, though some adults and young died on the surface, leaving their remains. The desert planet left behind maintained an ionosphere, which continued to produce heavy interference from asteroid debris.

In 3190, the USS Discovery's mission to make first contact with Species 10-C led it beyond the galactic barrier, and Dyson rings made of the same rare material as the DMA controller around this planet's star suggested the planet could be Species 10-C's homeworld. (DIS: "Rosetta")

Concept art for the Species 10-C homeworld was developed by Emilio Grasso. [1]
The remnant of the 10-C homeworld appears to match the hypothetical concept of a Chthonian planet, they are believed to be the result of the atmosphere being stripped away from a gas giant and only their metallic or rocky cores remain. While massive asteroids caused the atmospheric stripping in the series, the non-fictional process is believed to happen when a gas giant is too close to a star. [2]