"There's a nasty little bug evolved in the last few years, Jim. Our aseptic, sterilized civilizations produced it."
– Leonard McCoy, 2269 ("The Way to Eden")
Synthococcus novae was the scientific name for a lethal gram-positive bacillus strain that evolved sometime prior to the 2150s.
In the 2150s, a sample of "Type A" of this disease's pathogen was stored at Cold Station 12. It was among the dangerous pathogens the Augment Malik selected to take along with him as insurance in his escape from the station. (ENT: "Cold Station 12")
By 2269, Federation medicine had no cure for the disease but could immunize against it. Infected persons, who could be carriers of the disease without suffering its effects, were required to stay in environmentally-controlled areas to prevent its spread. (TOS: "The Way to Eden")