The Teachings of Surak was a book of the collected writings of Surak, Vulcan's most important philosopher. The English language edition was translated from Vulcan by Skon, father of Sarek and forefather of Spock.
In 2152, T'Pol gave a copy to Captain Jonathan Archer to help him relax during shore leave on Risa. (ENT: "Two Days and Two Nights")
In "The Forge", T'Pol notes that the original teachings of Surak, stored in the Kir'Shara, were lost until 2154, with Surak's followers interpreting and piecing together what was left.
In 2401, Jean-Luc Picard's library at Château Picard included a copy of The Teachings of Surak. (PIC: "The Star Gazer")