Throwing was the act of losing a game on purpose.
In 2370, Quark suggested that Julian Bashir throw his darts match against Miles O'Brien so that the Bajoran War Orphans Fund would reap all the profits that would otherwise have gone to those gambling on Bashir to win. Bashir refused. (DS9: "Rivals")
Also that year, the Ferengi allegedly attempted to bribe a Breen pilot into throwing Deep Space 3's palio. (TNG: "Interface")